Agakoko ka sida cyangwa se uburwayi bwa sida ubusanzwe si indwara runaka umuntu arwara ngo yongere ayikire gutyo gusa, ahubwo ni urusobe rw’indwara zibasira umubiri w’umuntu kuburyo uko ayimarana igihe umubiri we ugenda utakaza ubushobozi bwo kwirinda. Umuntu wanduye agakoko ka sida kagenda kamukwiramo gacye gacye kuburyo haraho bigera umubiri we ukaba utagishoboye kwirinda indwara iyariyo yose. Ibi rero bituma urwaye sida yibasirwa byoroshye nizindi ndwara zikaze nka hepatite, igituntu ndetse nizindi ndwara zandura byoroshye.
Kwaduka kwa SIDA kwatumye mu bihugu bitandukanye habaho kwandura kw’inshinge nyinshi zikoreshwa kwa muganga kuburyo hari nabantu benshi banduye iki cyago bagikuye kwa muganga aho babaga bagiye kwivuza izindi ndwara. Mu bihugu kandi byiganjemo ibiyobyabwenge usanga biba byoroshye cyane kwandura sida kuko hari ibiyobyabwenge byinshi bitera mu nshinge, izo nshinge rero iyo zikoreshejwe nabantu batandukanye, umwe wanduye ashobora kwanduza agace kose.
Ese ni ibihe bihugu byibasiwe cyane na sida ku isi?
Nuramuka ugize amahirwe yokugera muribi bihugu tugiye kukwereka uzitondere guhiga uryamana n’umuntu waho mu gihe utaramenya uko ubuzima bwe buhagaze kuko ibi bihugu nibyo bya mbere ku isi byiganjemo agakoko gatera sida ndetse n’abarwayi ba sida. Ibyo bihugu nibi bikurikira:
South Africa: Africa yepfo ibarwa nka bimwe mu bihugu biteye imbere cyane yaba muri Africa ndetse no ku isi hose, icyakora ngo nta byera ngo de, iki gihugu kibarirwamo abantu miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi 600 banduye agakoko gatera sida, ni umubare munini cyane kuko ni hafi ya ½ cy’abaturage b’u Rwanda bose. Sibyo gusa kuko aba babarirwa ku ijanisha rya 12% by’abaturage ba Africa yepfo bose ndetse bikavugwa ko abantu basaga ibihumbi 310 bicwa na sida buri mwaka muriki gihugu.
Botswana: bwa mbere umuntu wa mbere wanduye Sida muri Botswana yagaragaye mu 1985, ni igihugu cya kabiri kiganjemo abanduye iki cyorezo Botswana ituranye na Africa yepfo nayo ibarirwamo abantu miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana abiri (3,200,000), banduye agakoko ka sida.
India: bitandukanye n’ibihugu twabonye hejuru Ubuhinde bwo bubarizwa ku mugabane wa aziya, ubuhinde uretse kuba ari igihugu cya kabiri gituwe cyane ku isi, ninacyo gihugu cya gatatu ku isi gifite abantu benshi banduye sida kuko kibarirwamo abarenga miliyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi 400 (2,400,000). Bitewe n’umubare munini w’abaturage batuye iki gihugu usanga hari benshi cyane bakennye muburyo bukomeye ndetse ntibabashe no kubona ibikenewe by’ibanze mu by’ubuvuzi.
Kenya: ihagaze ku mwanya wa kane mu kugira abanduye sida benshi, Kenya ubu ibarirwamo abarenga miliyoni imwe nigice (1,500,000) bayanduye. Icyakora bitandukanye n’ibindi bihugu Kenya yakoze ibishoboka abandura sida bagenda bagabanuka ariko nanone haracyari urugendo rurerure.
Zimbabwe: mu mwaka wa 2003 abanduye sida muri Zimbabwe babarirwaga ku ijanisha rya 22.1% byabaturage bose, bakoze ibishoboka barabigabanyaa ubu bangana na 14.9% byabatuye Zimbabwe bose. Kugeza ubu ariko Zimbabwe iracyari mu murongo utukura kuko iri ku mwanya wa gatanu ku isi mu kurwaza sida cyane.
United States: bishobora kugutungura ko leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika nayo ibarizwa kuri uru rutonde, icyakora nayo iri mubihugu byazahajwe na sida, kugeza ubu bitangazwa ko abantu miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi 148 bafite agakoko ka sida muri Amerika bikayitereka ku mwanya wa gatandatu ku isi.
D R CONGO: iyo bavuze ibigendanye n’ubuzima butifashe neza ku isi, biragoye ko urutonde rwarangira repubulika ya demokarasi ya Congo itajemo, nkubu ihagaze ku mwanya wa karindwi ku isi mu kugira abarwayi benshi ba sida. Bivugwa ko abantu basaga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi 100 banduye agakoko ka sida muri Congo. Reka tubibutseko Congo aricyo gihugu cya mbere muri Africa cyagaragayemo umuntu wa mbere urwaye sida. Muri Congo bivugwa ko abantu benshi bandurira sida mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye.
Mozambique: abaturage bangana na 11.3% by’abatuye Mozambique barwaye sida. Iki gihugu nacyo kiri mu byazahajwe na sida.
Tanzania: Tanzania nayo ibarizwamo abarenga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi 400, abantu ibihumbi 86,000 kandi bivugwa ko bahitanwa na sida buri mwaka. Abagore cyane cyane nibo bibasiwe na sida kuko 60% by’abayirwaye ari igitsina gore.
Malawi: abagera ku 10% by’abaturage ba Malawi barwaye sida, abantu barenga ibihumbi 68,000 bicwa na sida buri mwaka muri Malawi, ndetse iki gihugu ninacyo kiza mu icumi bya mbere byibasiwe na sida ku isi.
Muri rusange rero kuri uru rutonde uretse Mozambique na DRCongo ukwiye kumenya ko ibindi bihugu byose biruriho byakolonijwe n’Ubwongereza. Icyakora ntaho twabihuriza n’igihugu cy’Ubwongereza ariko nako ni agashya. Ikindi wamenya nuko ibihugu bitanu mu icumi biruriho nibyo mumajyepfo ya Africa.
Ikindi ukwiye kumenya nuko umurwayi wa sida atandukanye n’umuntu wanduye agakoko gatera sida kuko uwanduye agakoko gatera sida aba atararwara sida.
