Muri uku kwezi turi gusoza leta y’u Rwanda yasinyanye amasezerano n’ikigo Dual Fluid Energy cyo mu budage kugira ngo hatangire kubakwa ikimeze nk’uruganda rutoya rw’igerageza ruzakoresha ingufu za nikleyeri kugira ngo habonetse amashanyarazi. Ibi u Rwanda ruvuga rubitegura kugira ngo hashakwe uburyo igihugu kigomba kongera ingufu mu gihugu ariko hadakomeje kwifashishwa uburyo busanzwe bumenyerewe butwara byinshi kandi ntibutange umusaruro wifuzwa.
Dual Fluid Energy ivuga ko nta gihindutse muri 2026 uru ruganda rwa mbere rw’igerageza mu bya nikleyeri ruzaba rwatangiye gukora muri 2026, bavuga ko uru ruganda ruzifashishwa mu gutanda amashanyarazi, mu gukora umwuka wa hydrogene ndetse no gukora ibyifashishwa mu gutwara ibinyabiziga bishobora gusimbura ibikomoka kuri peteroli.
Amasezerano nk’aya kandi u Rwanda si ubwa mbere ruyasinye kuko no mu kwa cumi 2019, u Rwanda rwari rwasinyanye amasezerano n’Uburusiya yo kubaka uruganda rwa nikleyeri rwa gisivili mu Rwanda.
Gusa ntibizwi niba uwo mushinga ugikomeje cyangwa warahagaritswe, kuko kuva ubwo nta kimenyetso gihari cyuko urwo ruganda ruzubakwa koko.
Ariko se mu by’ukuri kuki u Rwanda rwifuza ingufu za nikleyeri? Ibyiza ni ibihe, ibibi ni ibihe?
Ubusanzwe uruganda rwa nikleyeri kugira ngo rubashe gukora nuko hifashishwa ibinyabutabire binyuranye, kimwe muribyo binyabutabire ni icyamenyekanye cyane nka Uranium, benshi basanzwe baziko iki kinyabutabire kifashishwa gusa mu gukora ibisasu kirimbuzi, nyamara siko bimeze kuko kinifashishwa mu gukora amashyanyarazi, ariko uretse Uranium hari nibindi byifashishwa mugihe Uranium yaba idahari, harimo nka “Plutonium ndetse na Thorium” gusa benshi bifashisha Uranium kuko ariyo iboneka ku bwinshi kandi ku giciro gitoya.
Ibyiza by’uruganda rwa nikleyeri?
bimwe mu byo dusoma mu binyamakuru cyane cyane by’uburayi nka bimwe mu bihugu byatangiye mbere mu gukoresha izi nganda, nuko zitanga ingufu zihagije kandi zitangiza ikirere. Bavuga kandi ko uruganda ruto cyane rwa nikleyeri rushobora gucanira igihugu cyose cyane cyane ku bihugu bitoya nk’u Rwanda kandi ugasanga bitwara amafaranga macye yo kwita kuri urwo ruganda kurusha izindi nganda zisanzwe zitanga ingufu. Uru ruganda kandi rusubiza bimwe mu bibazo byo guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere kuko nta myuka yangiza ikirere uru ruganda rusohora.
Ibibi ni ibihe?
Kubaka uruganda rwa nikleyeri bwa mbere birahenda cyane, ibi nukubera ko uru ruganda rushobora kubakwa byibuze hagati y’imyaka 5 kugeza ku 10, ibi rero ninako bitwara miliyari nyinshi z’amadorali kuko ari uruganda rugomba kwitonderwa.
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Ibyago by’impanuka: iyo uvuze impanuka ziturutse kuri nikleyeri benshi bahita batekereza ahantu hatandukanye nka Chernobyl muri Ukraine, Fukushima Daiichi mu buyapani ndetse n’ahandi. Nka Chernobyl kuko ariyo abantu bamenye cyane habaye ibyago mu 1986 ubwo uruganda rwa nikleyeri rwaturikaga bigatuma agace kose ruherereyemo kamera nk’agahanaguwe ku isi.
Icyo gihe habayeho guturika uruganda rwose ruhita rusenyuka, abantu 30 bahakoraga bahita bapfa ako kanya, abaje kuzimya umuriro bagiye bahura n’uburwayi bwabahitanye bose, ndetse n’abandi bantu benshi bagiye bapfa gahoro gahoro. Abandi bantu banyuranye bagiye bapfa biturutse ku mirasire (radiation) yaturutse muri urwo ruganda, bivugwa ko kuva mu 1986 kugeza 2004 abantu bari bagihitanwa n’ingaruka z’iturika ryurwo ruganda.
Agace ka Chernobyl karazahaye cyane mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga 30 bivugwa ko nta kimera na kimwe cyongeye kuhamera kugeza ubu bikaba aribwo biri kongera kugaruka.
Iyi mpanuka bivugwa yaturutse ku gakosa gato k’umukozi waje kuhakora atarahawe amahugurwa ahagije amwemerera kuza kuhakora, bivuze ko agakosa gato k’umuntu umwe, gashobora gutuma igice kinini cy’igihugu gishobora kumara imyaka mirongo nta buzima na bumwe buhari. Ingaruka z’iturika ryuru ruganda bivugwa ko zabageze mu bihugu bituranyi nk’Uburusiya na Belarus bidasize na Ukraine byabereyemo.
Biragoye kubika ibisigazwa: nubwo uru ruganda rutanga ingufu nyinshi cyane, Uranium ikoreshwamo ntabwo ibaho ubuzima bwose kuko igeraho igasaza hagakenerwa gushyiramo indi Uranium, bivugwa ko uruganda rwa nikleyeri ruramba imyaka 40 gusa ubundi rugasimbuzwa. Iyi Uranium iba ishaje rero ntabwo ari umwanda usanzwe kuko ni umwanda uba usabwa amafaranga menshi ngo ubashe kubikwa ahantu hizewe hatazateza ibyago na bimwe.
Uranium iyo itabitswe mu buryo bwabugenewe yohereza imirasire ikaze (radiation) mu kirere kuburyo mu gihe runaka abatuye muribyo bice batangira kugirwaho n’ingaruka zirimo nko kurwara indwara za kanseri zidasobanutse. Iyi niyo mpamvu nyamukuru ibihugu byinshi bitajya bihubukira kubaka uruganda rwa nikeleyeri.
Ese uruganda rwa nikleyeri rwaba ari rwiza kurusha inganda zisanzwe zitanga ingufu? Namwe muratubwira…
