Mbere yuko haza umwaduko w’abazungu abanyarwanda bari bamwe, kugeza igihe haje abakoloni bagasanga abanyarwanda bunze ubumwe bukomeye. Abazungu barebye uburyo bazacamo kabiri abanyarwanda kugira ngo babone uko babayobora kubera ko bitari kuborohera iyo biguma uko babisanze.
Abanyarwanda bubahaga kandi bakumvira umwami cyane, kandi umwami nawe yakundaga abanyarwanda ndetse akaba yanabapfira. Abazungu rero kugira ngo batandukanye abanyarwanda batangiye kumvisha igice kimwe ko cyakandamijwe ko nacyo gikwiye guhabwa ubutegetsi kikayobora, nibwo bafashe icyitwa ubwoko bacyigira nk’itandukaniro riri hagati y’abanyarwanda ari nabwo bazanye ikitwaga ibuku (book) ubu twafata nk’indangamuntu. Buri wese bakajya bayimuha irimo n’ubwoko kenshi byahura n’ubujiji bamwe bagahita bumva ko koko abazungu bababwira ukuri.
Byageze mu 1959 aho ingoma ya cyami yahirikwaga hagatangira kujyaho repubulika ndetse icyo gihe bamwe bumvako bakize igitugu cy’abatutsi ko hagezweho ingoma y’abahutu. Icyo gihe abari bari mubwoko bw’abahutu babarirwaga ku kigero kiri hejuru ya 80% ibisigaye bikaba ari abatutsi n’abatwa. Muri uwo mwaka wa 1959 abatutsi batangiye guhigwa bukware ndetse umubare munini wabo urahunga, benshi bajya mu bihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda. Icyakora nubwo bahungaga nabo ntibagiye ngo bicare kuko bifuzaga kuzataha bagasubira mu gihugu cyababyaye aricyo u Rwanda. Kuva ubwo rero bamwe mu bari bahungiye muri Uganda batangiye kwiyegeranya ndetse bakora umutwe wa kinyeshyamba ufite n’igisirikare nyuma waje kuba Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF-FPR).
Bamaze kwiyegeranya neza basabye ubutegetsi bwari buyoboye u Rwanda ko bwabafasha bagataha ku neza nyamara ubutegetsi burabatsembera ku mpamvu zuko ngo u Rwanda rwari rwuzuye batari kubona aho bajya. Bamaze kubona ko gutaha atari ikintu kizaborohera, Nibwo bakoresheje inzira y’urugamba guhera mu 1990 kugeza mu 1993 ubwo ubutegetsi bwabonaga bugiye gutsindwa bukemera ibiganiro. Icyakora nubwo perezida Habyarimana yari yemeye kuganira na RPF abayobozi bandi bakuru (biganjemo abo mu ngabo na ba minisitiri) mu gihugu bo ntibabyemeraga ahubwo bapangaga ku ruhande umugambi mubisha wo gutsemba abatutsi bose bari barasigaye mu gihugu.
Perezida Habyarimana rero yabonye bimuyobeye yemera ibiganiro kugeza ubwo kuwa 06 Mata 1994 ubwo yaravuye mu nama yahuzaga abakuru b’ibihugu Arusha yari no kuberamo amasezerano y’amahoro hagati y’ubutegetsi na RPF maze ubwo yagarukaga I Kigali indege yari imutwaye iraraswa ahita apfa ndetse n’abari mu ndege bose hamwe na perezida w’u Burundi Cyprian Ntaryamira.
Indege ikimara kuraswa intagondwa z’abahutu zahise zitangaza ko perezida yishwe n’abatutsi bityo ko ari igihe cyo kwihorera bakica abatutsi. Nyamara uko byari bimeze icyo gihe ntibyari gushoboka ko ingabo za RPF zari mu Rwanda zari kurasa iyo ndege kuko misile zayirashe zaturutse ahantu hari harinzwe n’ingabo za leta yaririho icyo gihe.
Ese ni gute jenoside yahise ishyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihugu hose?
Nkuko n’ubundi byari byarateguwe na mbere indege ya perezida ikimara kuraswa hahise hatangazwa urutonde rw’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bagomba kwicwa, urwo rutonde rwahise ruhabwa interahamwe zari zimaze iminsi zitozwa ndetse zihita zitangira kwica abo bose. Abaturage bishe abaturanyi babo, abagabo bamwe b’abahutu bica abagore bari barishakiye b’abatutsi, bitwaje ko ari itegeko bahawe kandi badashobora kurirengaho.
Icyo gihe kandi mwibukeko indangamuntu zabaga zanditsemo ubwoko bw’umuntu byabaga byoroshye rero kuko interahamwe zashyiragaho bariyeri maze wahanyura bakakubaza indangamuntu basanga uri umututsi ugahita wicwa ako kanya. Abenshi bishwe hakoreshejwe imihoro yabaga itunzwe na benshi mu rugo ndetse abagore n’abakobwa benshi b’abatutsi bafashwe ku ngufu mbere yuko bicwa.
Ese ni gute bateguye uko ubwicanyi buzagenda?
Ubusanzwe u Rwanda wasangaga rufite uburyo ruyobowe kuva ku rwego rwo hasi kugeza ku mutegetsi wo hejuru. Icyo gihe icengezamatwara ryabaga ryoroshye kuko itegeko ryavaga ku mutegetsi mukuru rikamanuka kugera rigeze mu baturage. Muri urwo rwego rero ninako hashinzwe umutwe w’urubyiruko wegamiye ku ishyaka rya MRND waje kwitwa interahamwe, byavuye ku ihuriro ry’urubyiruko bigera ku kuba umutwe witwara gisirikare dore ko waje no guhabwa imyitozo ndetse bakanabwirwa abo bitoreza kuzica abo aribo (abatutsi). Nyuma y’imyitozo baje no guhabwa intwaro cyane cyane ko babaga bazi neza aho abo bagiye kwica bari.
Sibyo gusa kandi kuko bahise bashyiraho na radio nakwita rutwitsi RTLM yari igamije kumenyekanisha ubwicanyi bugamije kurandura abatutsi. Amazina y’abagombaga kwicwa yahitaga atangazwa kuri radio ako kanya. Abihaye Imana benshi bijanditse mu bwicanyi, dore ko batatinyaga no gusanga abahungiye mu nsengero na za kiliziya bakabiciramo. Nyuma y’iminsi ijana (100) ubwo bwicanyi buba jenoside yabashije guhagarikwa n’ingabo za RPF, aho abatutsi barenga miliyoni hamwe n’abandi batari bashyigikiye jenoside bahitanywe nubwo bwicanyi bw’indengakamere.
Ese jenoside yaje guhagarikwa gute?
Mu gihe jenoside yatangiraga umuryango w’abibumye ONU ndetse n’igihugu cy’Ububiligi byari bifite ingabo mu Rwanda, ariko nanone ingabo za ONU nta burenganzira zigeze zihabwa bwo guhagarika ubwicanyi, ku rundi ruhande abasirikare 10 b’ababiligi barindaga minisitiri w’intebe bakimara kwicanwa nawe Ububiligi bwahise bufata umwanzuro wo gucyura ingabo zabwo, icyo gihe bazicyura nibwo zicyenewe cyane kuko nibwo jenoside yari itangiye. Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika hari hashize umwaka ikubitiwe muri Somalia ihita ifata umwanzuro wo kutazongera kwivanga mu bibazo by’imbere mu bihugu bya Afurika ubwo abatutsi baba babuze n’ubutabazi bwa Amerika gutyo.
Leta y’Ubufaransa yari inshuti ikomeye n’ingoma y’abahutu yayoboraga u Rwanda icyo gihe, icyo bakoze bohereje umutwe w’ingabo wihariye wo kuza gucyura abafaransa babaga mu Rwanda zikimara kugera mu Rwanda zashinze agace kiswe akarinzwe bituma abatutsi bamwe bahungirayo ariko ingabo z’ubufaransa zaje kubareka baricwa ntibagira na kimwe bakora cyo kubarokora. Ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bwagiye bushinja kenshi Ubufaransa kuba bwarafashije abicanyi mu kwica abatutsi.
Nyuma yuko abari kurokora abatutsi bose babataye bakagenda umutwe wa RPF wari waratangiye urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda, wakomeje kugenda ufata uduce dutandukanye kugeza kuwa 04 nyakanga ubwo RPF yafataga umujyi wa Kigali. Icyo gihe abahutu barenga miliyoni 2 bahunze igihugu abenshi biganjemo abakoze jenoside bahunze ku gutinya ko bazaryozwa ibyo bakoze. Icyakora kuva icyo gihe ubwicanyi bwahise buhagarara abatutsi bacye bari basigaye bongeye kubona agahenge ndetse n’abari barahunze batangira guhunguka.
Nyuma hakurikiyeho gahunda zo kubaka igihugu kugeza muri 2002 ubwo hashyirwagaho urukiko rwo kuburanisha abakoze jenoside ndetse no mu Rwanda hagatangira inkiko gacaca zaburanishije abakoze jenoside bari bari mu Rwanda aho bivugwa ko zaciye imanza za jenoside zirega miliyoni.
Kuri ubu abanyarwanda bari kwibuka ku nshuro ya 29 jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka 1994, TWIBUKE TWIYUBAKA.
